MODALS and the example of modals

MODALS

Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

In my first article, I will share a knowledge about modals. By the time some people confused how to combine a modal with a verb, inasmuch as some modals have different meanings to be combined with a verb. But don't worry about it, as we are not only going to learn together about how the rules but also how to use them and when to use them. The firstly we must to know what the verb is, how to use the verb, and when we might use them. We should know all of them, now that it is most importently. Whether we follow the rules, the sentences will be better than before. Modals is used in dissimilar time and respectively word has different meaning.

A.  What is Modals ?
A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: Ability, Possibility, Permission (Giving Permission and Asking Permission) , Asking For Assitance, Giving Expressing advice, Expressing Necessity, Expressing Lack of  Necessity and making Logical Conclutions. It has different meaning, so let’s we check the kind of Modals.

B.  Kind of Modals
1.   Can and Could ( Ability)
 Can/be able to (your abilities that you can do now or in the present time).
 The examples :
a.    Active Sentence
(+) She can/is able to  buy english book right now.
(-) She can not/ is able to  buy english book right now.
(?) Can she buy english book right now?.
   The answer :
Yes she can, she can/ is able to buy english book right now.
 No she can not, she can not/ is not able to buy english book right now.
b.    Passive sentence
(+) The english book can/ is able to  be bought by her right now.
(-) The english book can not/ is not able to  be bought by her right now.
(?) Can the english book be bought by her right now?.
The answer :
   Yes it can, the english book can/ is able to  be bought by her right now.
    No it can not, the english book can not/is not able to  be bought by her right now.
B. Could ( your abilities, but that you can do that in the past time)
The examples :
a.       Active sentence
(+) I could  sing a song last year, but i can not sing any song right now.
(-) I could not  sing a song last year, but i can  sing any song right now.
(?) Could  I sing a song last year, but i can not sing any song right now?.
The answer :
     Yes I could , I could  sing a song last year, but i can not sing any song right now.
    No I could not, I could not  sing a song last year, but i can not sing any song now.
b.      Passive sentence
(+) A song could  be sung by me last year.
(-) A song could not  be sung by me last year.
(?) Could  a song be sung by me last year?.
The answer :
    Yes it could, the song could be sung by me last year.
    No it could not, the song could not be sung by me last year.

C. May and Might/ possibility (used to express possibility in the present time or in the future, but you don’t sure about it)
The examples :
a.    Active sentence
     (+) They might/ may bring some books from the library.
     (-) They might not/ may not bring some books from the library.
   (?) Might/ may they bring some books from the library?.
The answer :
      Yes they might/ may , they might/ may bring some books from the library.
       No they might not , they might not/ may not bring some books from  the library.
b.    Passive sentence
(+) Some books might/ may be bought by them from the library.
(-) Some books might not/ may not be bought by them from the library.
(?) Might Some books be bought by them from the library?.
The answer :
    Yes the books might, the books might/ may be bought by them from the library.
    No the books might not, the books might not be bought by them from the library.

  D. May and Can ( Giving permission)
  When you want to give some permission to the others you may used May or Can, but
May is more formal and polite than Can.
a.    Active sentence
(+) You may use my computer to do your homework.
(-) You may not use my computer to do your homework.
(?) May  I use your computer to do my homework?.
The answer :
    Yes you may, You may use my computer to do your homework.
    No you may not, You may not use my computer to do your homework.
b.    Passive sentence
(+) The computer may be used by you to do your homework.
(-) The computer may not be used by you to do your homework.
(?) May  the computer be used by you to do your homework?.
The answer :
    Yes it may, the computer may be used by you to do your homework.
    No it may not, the computer may not be used by you to do your homework.

E. May I, Could I, Can I (Asking permission)
a.     Active sentence
(+) You may borrow my pen or my pencil.
(-) You may not borrow my pen or my pencil.
(?) May I borrow your pen or your pencil ?
The answer :
           Yes you may, You may borrow my pen or my pencil.
           No you may not, You may not borrow my pen or my pencil.
b.     Passive sentence
(+) My pen or my pencil may be borrowed by you.
(-) My pen or my pencil may not  be borrowed by you.
(?) May  my pen or my pencil be borrowed by you?.
The answer :
  Yes it may, my pen or my pencil may be borrowed by you.
  No it may not, my pen or my pencil may not  be borrowed by you.

F.  Would you, Could You,  will You, Can you (Asking for Assistance)
1. Would you please open the door for me? (Yes of course, I will open the door now.
2. Could you please sit down in front of me? (Yes certaintly)
3. Will You please take my handphone in my bag ? (No I Won’t/Will Not, I will not take your handphone as I am busy.)
4. Can you make some food for me please? (Yes I can.)

G. Sould, Ought to, Had better (Expressing Advise)
a. Passive sentence
(+) My clothes are dirty, I should wash them.
(-) My clothes are clean, I should not wash them.
(?) My clothes are dirty, should  I wash them ?.
The answer :
Yes you should, you should  to wash  them.
No you should not, you should not  to wash  them.
c.    Passive sentence
(+) The clothes should be washed by them, because the clothes are dirty.
(-) The clothes should not  be washed by them, because the clothes are clean.
(?) Should the clothes be washed by them ?.
The answer :
Yes it should, the clothes should be washed by them, because the clothes are dirty.
Yes it should, the clothes should not be washed by them, cause the clothes are clean.

H. Must, Have to/Hafta,Have go to, Has to,had to ( Expressing Necessity)
1. We must study hard, unless you want to get low score.
2. We have to do our Homework now.
3. I have got to learn English Language right now.
4. She has to go to hospital inasmuch as she is sick.
5. They  had to make some donuts tomorrow.

I. Don’t have to, Does not/do not have to (Expressing lack of Necessity)
1.  Today is holiday. I do not have to go to class now.
2.  They finished their homework, so They do not have to  study or do not have to  do their homework.

J. Must be (Making logical conclutions)
1.    They have lunch in the restaurant, they must be pay after eat lunch.
2.    They have studied for the final exam last night, they must be get the high score.
3.    She sold her mobile phone to me, she must be not have any money.
4.    He have cooked omelette and fried rice, he must be hungry.
5.    They did not study last night, they must be not passed the exam.

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